Lake Toya is a freshwater lake in the southwestern part of Hokkaido, Japan. Its surface is at an altitude of 84 meters, and the shortest straight-line distance to the coastline of Uchiura Bay is only 4 kilometers. It is part of the Shikotsu-Toya National Park. Like the Shikotsu Lake within the national park, it is rich in geothermal resources, making it the northernmost unfrozen lake in Japan.
Lake Toya is a caldera lake formed by a large volcanic eruption about 110,000 years ago. The lake is nearly circular, with a diameter of about 10 km, an area of 70.72 square kilometers, a circumference of 50 km, a maximum depth of 180 m, and an average depth of 117 m. It is the third largest caldera lake in Japan, after Lake Kussharo in eastern Hokkaido and Lake Shikotsu.
To the south of Lake Toya, there are two active volcanoes: Mount Usu, which is 737 meters high, and Showashinzan, which is 398 meters high. Showashinzan is a new landform created by an earthquake in 1943. It still emits white smoke throughout the year, adding charm to Lake Toya and making it a must-visit place. Mount Usu erupted for the fourth time in nearly 100 years at the end of March 2000, lasting for more than ten days and almost flattening the surrounding villages, but no casualties were reported.
There is a famous Toya Lake hot spring resort on the lakeside, which is one of the few hot spring resorts in Hokkaido. On the Nakajima Island in the middle of the lake, there is a Toya Lake Forest Museum, which can be visited by taking a sightseeing boat.
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